PolandPoland
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Town marks are said to have been introduced by Sigismund August. Evidently a uniform hallmarking system was not yet in force. The hallmarking systems and marks changed with the different regimes in the territory of Poland. |
| 1772 | The First Partition of Poland. Prussia occupied Polish Pomerania and western Prussia (except for Gdansk and Torun) and part of Great Poland. Austria seized Galicia (without Cracow), and Russia, the territory at the Upper Dvina and the Dnieper. |
| 1793 | The Second Partition of Poland. Prussia took Gdansk, Torun, most of
Great Poland, Kujawy and
Mazowsze, Russia the rest of White Russia, Podolye, Volhynia and the Ukraine. |
| 1795 | The Third Partition of Poland. Russia seized the territory as far as the Bug and Niemen rivers, Prussia the rest of Great Poland with Warsaw, and Austria the whole of Little Poland with Cracow. Poland as an independent state ceased to exist. |
| 1815 - 63 | Following Napoleon's defeat, a new Polish Kingdom was created, ruled by the Russian Tsar. Galicia continued to remain under Austrian administration, just as Prussia retained most of the territory it had seized earlier. Cracow and environs were declared a free republic. |
| 1846 | Cracow was occupied by Austria. Until 1918 it remained part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. |
| 1863 | Following the Warsaw Rising, the special privileges of the Polish Kingdom were abolished and it was then administered as the Russian Vistula Territory. |
| 1920 | After the re-establishment of Poland, new hallmarks were introduced on 9 August. Permitted standards were 940, 875, 800/1000. These marks were valid until 1947. |