Spain

 
16thC  A royal decree was issued according to which silver of a purity of 11 dineros 4 granos (930/1000) was permitted in producing silver objects Every goldsmith had to have his own mark The "marcador" stamped the town mark 
1785  Henceforth the date can be found along with certain town marks. 
1881  The production of silver pieces was liberalized and was usually of lower purity. At the request of the seller or buyer, the purity could be tested by an official assayer (Fiel contraste) Two standards were distinguished: 
1.  primera ley  - no less than 11 dineros  (916/1000)
2.  segunda ley  -  no has than 9 dineros = (750/1000). 
1934  New marks were introduced and purity was determined in thousandths. Items are stamped with two marks: 
1.  producer's mark
2.  Standard mark