Albertano in German translation
We have translations from all of Albertano’s treatises in German,
all
from southern Germany and all from the mid-fifteenth century. For all
that
a century has passed since Germanists began to look at Albertano with
any
seriousness, we still suffer from poor scholarship. Sundby first
identified the German Melibeus as being an abridged translation
from Albertano’s Liber consolationis, and Leo Hohenstein made
this the chief subject
of his 1903 Breslau dissertation. Surprisingly, Hohenstein missed
several
early prints and at least one manuscript that had been catalogued long
before his work appeared (e.g. in Panzer’s Annalen of 1788),
and these are
not his only errors. The next major scholar to address himself to
Albertano in German was Bostock. His 1924 work repeats Hohenstein’s
errors and compounds them with more of his own. In spite of claiming
familiarity both with Panzer’s Annalen and Zapf’s Buchdruckergeschichte,
Bostock nevertheless fails to notice descriptions of three more early
prints contained within
their pages. Koppitz supplies an entry in the Verfasserlexikon,
sub voce ‘Albertanus von Brescia.’ While we owe Koppitz a debt
for a number
of discoveries, he nevertheless repeats and further compounds several
errors
from previous scholarship. The best overview is currently supplied by
Graham
in his vernacular ‘census’ – though he excludes discussion of, i.a.,
Erhart
Gross and of the Leyen Doctrinal as being not immediately
derivative
of the original Latin. German manuscripts are decribed here, and the prints here.
The works we have of Albertano in German translation without
intermediary are as follows†:
- An abridged translation of the first half of the Liber
consolationis, the German Melibeus, enjoyed the greatest
currency. Composed soon after the 1449-1450 Swabian City War probably
on the Swabian/Bavarian border, we have ten early prints and fourteen
surviving manuscripts. Graham supplies an account of the textual
transmission and has prepared a text, available at this site, based on the
Stuttgart manuscript and collated with all other known manuscripts and
prints. Professor Rüdiger Schnell of the University of Basel has announced an edition of this text which he may be able to offer for publication as soon as 2007. Graham has also published a discussion of this text, cf. Angus Graham, '"Hie noch von Melibeo": The Philosophy of Crisis in Fifteenth-Century Swabia,' Journal of the Early Book Society 8 (2005): 125-142.
- A manuscript in Alba Iulia is the sole witness to a south-east
Bavarian translation of the Liber consolationis, made perhaps
for Ortolf von Trenbach, a noble at the Hapsburg court, in 1469 or
earlier. This translation is independent of the abridged Melibeus.
- All three of Albertano’s treatises were translated in an
abbreviated form as the first item of an anthology usually referred to
as the Lere und unterweisung. Several manuscripts are known and
three early prints. There is no relationship between this translation
and either of the two Liber consolationis translations
mentioned above, though this work is again from the Eastern Swabian
region and from the 1450s. Graham has prepared a text based on the
Karlsruhe (olim Donaueschingen) manuscript and collated with all
other known manuscripts and prints. The first portion of this text, corresponding to Albertano's Ars loquendi, has been published as ed. Joachim Knape, 'Albertanus Brixiensis: Die Räte von der Rede,' in eds. Joachim Knape and Bernhard Roll, Rhetorica deutsch: Rhetorikschriften des 15. Jahrhunderts, Gratia 40, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2002, pp. 235-252.
- The Ars loquendi was translated into German in a
heavily
abbreviated form. Certainly from the 1450s, we have too few manuscripts
to say much more about it with any authority. Usually referred to as
the Reden und Schweigen, it does appear to be related to the
first
part of the Lere und unterweisung, and may have been a partial
early
draft for the translator of this work.
- Not itself a translation from Albertano, a short text Vom
Lesen appears in at least ten manuscripts, usually associated with
the abridged Melibeus and/or the Lere und unterweisung.
An edition has been published by Wieland Schmidt, Beiträge zur
Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 95 (1973),
Sonderheft: Festschrift für Ingeborg Schröbler zum 65. Geburtstag,
pages 309-327. Another edition, based
largely on Berlin mgf 1154, is available at this site.
- In 1538, the Gdańsk businessman
Jörgen Lehmann translated the Ars loquendi for the
instruction of
his daughter. As a Latin source he used GW 563. We have no
modern
edition.
- Unrelated to any of the above is an anonymous poem, Meister
Albertus Lere, composed in the Wetterau in the mid-fourteenth
century. Divided into three sections, the first is adapted from the Ars
loquendi, the
second from the Liber consolationis, and the third still needs
work
doing on its sources, though Bostock detects the influence of Berthold
von
Regensburg and Bruder Peregrinus: John Knight Bostock (1924), Albertanus
Brixiensis in Germany, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bostock
provides (pp. 79-106) an edition which, now out of copyright, is
repeated at this site.
- The Carthusian Heinrich Haller translated the De amore independently of any of
the above in 1466. An edition and full discussion is given in: Erika
Bauer (2001), Albertanus von
Brescia: ‘De amore Dei et proximi’ in der Übersetzung Heinrich Hallers,
Analecta Cartusiana 178, Salzburg: Institut für Anglistik und
Amerikanistik, Universität Salzburg.
All the above texts, save Jörgen Lehmann’s and Heinrich Haller’s, can
be downloaded (254k *.zip file) by clicking here.
Angus Graham.
† Some German-language texts given here in Microsoft Word
format make use of characters from the ‘Mhd. Sonderzeichen’ font. This
is
a TrueType font available for free from the site ‘Mediaevistik im Internet.’