Autism and Asperger's syndrome are disorders of psychological development which are due to abnormalities in the way the brain develops and functions. Asperger's syndrome is a less well-defined condition and is often not recognised until after a child starts school. Asperger's syndrome is a form of autism which affects the way in which a person communicates and relates to others. They find it very difficult to recognise the social cues which the rest of us may take for granted. People with Asperger's Syndrome usually don't have the difficulties with language that are often present with autism, although their use of language may sound stilted. They usually have above average intelligence. Asperger's syndrome shares many of the characteristics of autism, but the key characteristics are as follows:

• Difficulty with social relationships. Unlike people with autism, people with Asperger's syndrome are often very eager to be sociable. However they struggle with maintaining relationships because they do not accurately pick up on social cues and the body language of others. This means that they do not always interpret signals as to when someone else is sad, angry, excited etc. They often find it hard to empathise with people and this can make them appear cold and emotionally distant. They may feel lonely and excluded and this can cause them great distress. Children often experience bullying as their peers do not understand them, but recognise that they are 'different'.
• Difficulty with communication. People with Asperger's syndrome may not be aware of other people's reactions to what they are saying and this can sometimes make them appear to be insensitive. They can be over precise with their language and take meanings literally. As such, it can be difficult for them to interpret jokes and metaphors etc, as they may take the words literally and can be frightened or confused by what is being said. They can also become pre-occupied with other things which can make it difficult for them to listen fully. They require support with their communication skills although this often becomes relatively easier for them as they get older, if they have been supported with this.
• Limitations in imagination. They are often excellent at learning facts and figures, but have difficulty with thinking in an abstract way.
• Special interests. They can become quite obsessive with particular interests. These will often involve learning and memorising facts, or collecting things.
• Set routines. People with Asperger's often feel secure with a set routine and can become distressed if anything upsets this. They often have their days planned fully and follow this routine closely.

Asperger's syndrome is a life long condition, but with support around relationships and communication, they can learn to cope with their condition. Adults who are only mildly affected can live a fully independent life, often holding down jobs and managing with their relationships. Others who are affected more severely may need more ongoing support in living independently.

For more information follow this link to the National Autistic Society