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History
Important dates in the history of Antarctica1775 James Cook makes first landing on South Georgia having been the first to cross the Antarctic Circle1820 Fabien Bellingshausen was probably the first to sight the Antarctic Continent in this year 1821 John Davis (a sealer) was probably the first man to set foot on the continent 1841 James Clarke Ross travels south as far as 78°S 1897 Belgian Antarctic Expedition: A. de Gerlache - first expedition to winter in the Antarctic 1899 British Antarctic Expedition: C.E. Borchgrevink - first expedition to winter on the continent 1901 - 1903 Swedish South Polar Expedition: Nordenskjold 1901 - 1904 British National Antarctic Expedition: R.F. Scott - Men sledge to 82°S 1902 - 1904 Scottish National Antarctic Expedition 1907 - 1909 British Antarctic Expedition, E.H. Shackleton and Nimrod (ship) party sled to within 97 miles of the South Pole 1908 - 1910 French Antarctic Expedition 1910 - 1912 Norwegian Antarctic Expedition: R. Amundsen and Fram (ship) party are the first to reach the South Pole on 14th December 1911 1910 - 1913 British National Antarctic Expedition: R.F. Scott and Terra Nova (ship) party. Five men reach South Pole but die on return journey 1911 - 1914 Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1914 - 1917 Imperial Trans-Anatarctic Expedition: E. Shackleton and Endurance (ship) party - ship is crushed by ice 1922 Shackleton dies at South Georgia during his 3rd expedition 1928 - 1930 United States Antarctic Expedition: R.E. Byrd 1934 - 1937 British Graham Land Expedition 1935 Caroline Mikkelsen becomes first woman to set foot on the Antarctic 1947 R.E. Byrd makes first flight over the South Pole 1955 - 1958 First crossing of the Antarctic continent - Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition: V. Fuchs & E. Hillary 1956 George Dufek land plane at South Pole - first man there since Scott 1959 Antarctic Treaty signed by 12 countries 1961 Antarctic Treaty comes into force, applicable to all territory south of 60°S 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection comes into force, imposes a 50 year moratorium on extraction of oil and minerals |
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