Moldavia

Ruler: Voievod Stephen II ‘the Great’ of the House of Musat, succeeded 1457.

In 1359, Bogdan I, a vassal of King Louis of Hungary, crossed the mountains to the east and created a new state that his descendants still rule a century later. The Moldavian title for their ruler is ‘Voievod’, which in English means ‘Prince’. Having created the state, Bogdan repelled an invasion from Hungary and strengthened his authority over his boyar nobility. His heir, Latsco (1365-1376), continued the work but Moldavia only became strong under Peter I (1376-1393) who made a treaty with Poland giving Moldavia security against the Hungarians and numerous commercial advantages.

A rival deposed Peter’s son, Roman, (1393-1399), but Peter’s son Alexander I ‘the Good’ took the throne in 1400 and reigned for a long period of peace and prosperity, sending archers to assist King Vladislaw Jagiello of Poland against the Teutonic Knights at Grünwald and Marienburg.

Alexander had five sons: Stephen, Alexander, Ilie, Peter-Aron and Bogdan. As in Anglo-Saxon tradition, the ruler is elected from among the sons of the deceased prince but there is no law of succession so, after their father’s death in 1432, the brothers killed each other in decades of fratricidal frenzy. In 1448, Peter II became the vassal of John Hunyadi. In 1451, Peter-Aron killed his half-brother Bogdan II at a banquet. Meanwhile, the Tartars of the Bug raided the country every two years and the Turks under Murad II (1421-1451) reached the southern border of Moldavia, raiding Chilia-Lycostomo and Akerman (Cetatea Alba). Moldavia was in a sore state.

But in 1457, Stephen, son of Bogdan II, defeated Peter-Aron at Doljesti and won the crown. The boyars rallied to his cause and he hunted down and killed the few that still supported his exiled uncle. Stephen has made an auspicious start: already he is called ‘The Great’; he has consolidated his power by a treaty with Casimir of Poland; commercial treaties with Transylvanian cities insure a ready supply of firearms for his army making it the best in the area and he is building a girdle of castles along the eastern frontier on the river Nistru. From north to south: Hotin, Soroca, Orhei and Tighina are an effective guard against tartar raids.

As for relations to England, they are non-existent. Moldavia has too many of its own problems to think about far-away countries.

[Thanks to Dan Minculescu.]